Prep the duck: Remove the neck and giblets from the cavity. Reserve the neck. Using paper towels, pat the bird dry. Remove the excess skin from the neck area. Break down the duck: Remove breast meat from the bone. Cut out the wings, and leg thigh area. Cut off the tail and wing tips. (See VIDEO tutorial for visuals on how to break down the duck.) Reserve excess skin you may have collected. 

Roasting the bones: Break down the carcass from the breast and backbone area into smaller pieces. Transfer the carcass, neck and wing tips onto a sheet-pan with a rack. Drizzle avocado oil over them. Also sprinkle, salt and pepper. Roast in the oven at 425ºF for 30 - 45 minutes or until brown. 

Back to the breast, thighs, legs, and wings: Generously season all sides with salt and ground black pepper. 

Instant pot - Broth: Set the instant pot on HIGH SAUTE mode for 20 MINUTES.  You can add more time, if you run out. Press START. Once hot, pour in the oil. Brown both sides of the meat. Don’t over crowd the pot; if needed, do it in batches. Press CANCEL. Place all of the duck back into the pot, including the tail and excess skin reserved. Follow that with the roasted bones. Pour in the water, onion, garlic, fresh herbs, bay leaves and all spice. COVER, secure the lid and cook on HIGH PRESSURE for 45 MINUTES, with a 10 MINUTE  NATURAL PRESSURE RELEASE.

Red sauce: remove the seeds, veins, and stem from the guajillos, puyas and ancho. Wipe them clean with a damped paper towel. Cut into smaller pieces and set aside. 

Instant pot: QUICK RELEASE the remaining pressure. Press CANCEL and remove the duck meat. Strain the broth and reserve. Once the fat rises to the top, spoon it out and place in the fridge to set up. Measure out 3 1/2- 4 cups of the broth for the sauce. 

Finish sauce: in a medium sauce pan, heat the oil over medium heat. Sauté the onion and garlic until slightly softened. Stir in the oregano, cumin, all spice. Toast for a minute. Add the prepped dried peppers and toast for a couple of minutes. Stir continuously and avoid burning them. As soon as they become fragrant, turn off the heat, and pour in 3 cups of the hot duck broth. Hydrate them for about 10-15 minutes. Shred the meat with a pair of forks. Discard the skin, and bones.

In a blender, process the hydrated pepper mix until completely smooth. And, if you still end up with big pieces of chili skin, strain it. Reserve 1 cup of the sauce for the masa. Place a sauce pan over medium heat, and add in the sauce. Pour the additional 1/2 cup of broth into the blender, swirl to get the last bit of sauce and pour into the pan. If the sauce looks thick, add a bit more broth. Stir and bring up to a gentle simmer. Cook for 10-15 minutes over medium-low heat, until it slightly thickens and turns a deeper color. Stir in the salt. Mix in the shredded meat. Turn off the heat, and let it cool down. (See tips on how to make tamales in two days, above.)

Prep Husks: sort through the leaves. Pick 25 medium-large in size, without holes or dark spots (at least, without many.) Pick another 15, they don’t have to be perfect. Soak in warm water for 20-30 minutes, place a plate on top to keep submerged. Rinse, remove corn silk, and drain. 

Masa-Dough: In a large bowl, mix the corn masa harina, salt and baking powder until well distributed. Remove the fat from the fridge and measure out. You will not have enough, use store bought to make up for the rest needed. In a separate large bowl, whisk the duck fat until smooth, and creamy. About 2 minutes.  Mix the oil gradually, as you stir continuously. Once fully incorporated, mix in half of the masa mixture. Then, incorporate the other half. By the end it should resemble the texture of wet sand. Knead in the one cup of red sauce reserved. Now, gradually knead in 3 3/4 cups of the warm broth (could take more or less broth.) Knead in between additions. When the dough forms a mass, feels very soft, and is fully moistened, knead for 5 minutes. The characteristics we are looking for in our masa dough are: softness, keeps its shape, hydrated, and spreadable. Cover with a kitchen towel to prevent it from drying out. 

Cook the tamales: You will need a large steamer pot with its rack on the bottom. Pour a generous amount of water inside the pot and stop right before you reach the rack.Turn the heat to medium-high. Cover the surface of the rack with husks. Then make a base with three tamales in the form of a T, open side towards the center.  Lay the rest of the tamales all around, open side up. Place a few husk leaves on top to cover them. Once it reaches a boil and you see the steam coming up. Cover the pot, lower the heat to medium-low and cook for about 50 minutes - 1 hr 15 minutes, or until the dough is fully cooked. 

Check for doneness : Remove a tamal from the pot and let it cool down for 5-10 minutes. Then, unwrap it. They are done,  if it releases easily from the husk, sets up, and does not taste like raw masa. Turn off the heat, keep the pot covered and ENJOY!